151 factors · 6 jurisdictions

Every Emission Factor And it's Source

A footprint you cannot check is not worth much. This is the complete library the calculator draws on, grouped by the body that published it, with the document version and publication date for each.

Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC)

Canada · 29 factors
DocumentEmission Factors and Reference Values, Version 4.0
PublishedPublished 9 September 2026 · aligned with the National Inventory Report 1990–2024

Grid intensities are Table 5.3, 2026 compliance year, published per province and territory. Fuel factors are the CO2 value with CH4 and N2O added at IPCC AR5 GWP100 (28 and 265). Natural gas is by province: CO2 from Table 1.3 (2026, marketable gas) plus CH4 and N2O from Table 2.3 (residential, commercial and institutional), 10.3 g CO2e/m³. The calculator takes the province from the electricity grid in your data and asks when that does not settle it; until then the highest provincial value is used. Gas entered in kWh or GJ is converted at ECCC’s higher heating value, 38.39 MJ/m³ (Table 8). Until September 2026 one national 1,940 g/m³ was used, which is not a figure the table contains. Diesel is Table 4.3: 2,681 g CO2 + 0.078 g CH4 + 0.022 g N2O per litre = 2,689 g CO2e/L.

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ActivityScopeFactorUnitSource detail
Electricity — Québec20.0019kg CO2e / kWhECCC EF&RV v4.0 T5.3 (2026)
Electricity — British Columbia20.018kg CO2e / kWhECCC EF&RV v4.0 T5.3 (2026)
Electricity — Ontario20.059kg CO2e / kWhECCC EF&RV v4.0 T5.3 (2026)
Electricity — Canada average20.11kg CO2e / kWhIndicative national average — ECCC publishes by province; choose one
Electricity — Alberta20.438kg CO2e / kWhECCC EF&RV v4.0 T5.3 (2026)
Electricity — Saskatchewan20.631kg CO2e / kWhECCC EF&RV v4.0 T5.3 (2026)
Electricity — Manitoba20.0025kg CO2e / kWhECCC EF&RV v4.0 T5.3 (2026)
Electricity — New Brunswick20.234kg CO2e / kWhECCC EF&RV v4.0 T5.3 (2026)
Electricity — Nova Scotia20.581kg CO2e / kWhECCC EF&RV v4.0 T5.3 (2026)
Electricity — Prince Edward Island20.234kg CO2e / kWhECCC EF&RV v4.0 T5.3 (2026)
Electricity — Newfoundland & Labrador20.017kg CO2e / kWhECCC EF&RV v4.0 T5.3 (2026)
Electricity — Yukon20.074kg CO2e / kWhECCC EF&RV v4.0 T5.3 (2026)
Electricity — Northwest Territories20.42kg CO2e / kWhECCC EF&RV v4.0 T5.3 (2026)
Electricity — Nunavut20.8kg CO2e / kWhECCC EF&RV v4.0 T5.3 (2026)
Natural gas — Québec11.9363kg CO2e / m³ECCC EF&RV v4.0 T1.3 (2026, marketable) 1,926 g CO₂/m³ + T2.3 CH₄ 0.037 / N₂O 0.035 g/m³ = 1,936.3 g CO₂e/m³
Natural gas — British Columbia11.9763kg CO2e / m³ECCC EF&RV v4.0 T1.3 (2026, marketable) 1,966 g CO₂/m³ + T2.3 CH₄ 0.037 / N₂O 0.035 g/m³ = 1,976.3 g CO₂e/m³
Natural gas — Ontario11.9313kg CO2e / m³ECCC EF&RV v4.0 T1.3 (2026, marketable) 1,921 g CO₂/m³ + T2.3 CH₄ 0.037 / N₂O 0.035 g/m³ = 1,931.3 g CO₂e/m³
Natural gas — Alberta11.9723kg CO2e / m³ECCC EF&RV v4.0 T1.3 (2026, marketable) 1,962 g CO₂/m³ + T2.3 CH₄ 0.037 / N₂O 0.035 g/m³ = 1,972.3 g CO₂e/m³
Natural gas — Saskatchewan11.9303kg CO2e / m³ECCC EF&RV v4.0 T1.3 (2026, marketable) 1,920 g CO₂/m³ + T2.3 CH₄ 0.037 / N₂O 0.035 g/m³ = 1,930.3 g CO₂e/m³
Natural gas — Manitoba11.9253kg CO2e / m³ECCC EF&RV v4.0 T1.3 (2026, marketable) 1,915 g CO₂/m³ + T2.3 CH₄ 0.037 / N₂O 0.035 g/m³ = 1,925.3 g CO₂e/m³
Natural gas — New Brunswick11.9293kg CO2e / m³ECCC EF&RV v4.0 T1.3 (2026, marketable) 1,919 g CO₂/m³ + T2.3 CH₄ 0.037 / N₂O 0.035 g/m³ = 1,929.3 g CO₂e/m³
Natural gas — Nova Scotia11.9293kg CO2e / m³ECCC EF&RV v4.0 T1.3 (2026, marketable) 1,919 g CO₂/m³ + T2.3 CH₄ 0.037 / N₂O 0.035 g/m³ = 1,929.3 g CO₂e/m³
Natural gas — Prince Edward Island11.9293kg CO2e / m³ECCC EF&RV v4.0 T1.3 (2026, marketable) 1,919 g CO₂/m³ + T2.3 CH₄ 0.037 / N₂O 0.035 g/m³ = 1,929.3 g CO₂e/m³
Natural gas — Newfoundland & Labrador11.9293kg CO2e / m³ECCC EF&RV v4.0 T1.3 (2026, marketable) 1,919 g CO₂/m³ + T2.3 CH₄ 0.037 / N₂O 0.035 g/m³ = 1,929.3 g CO₂e/m³
Natural gas — Yukon11.9763kg CO2e / m³ECCC EF&RV v4.0 T1.3 (2026, marketable) 1,966 g CO₂/m³ + T2.3 CH₄ 0.037 / N₂O 0.035 g/m³ = 1,976.3 g CO₂e/m³
Natural gas — Northwest Territories11.9763kg CO2e / m³ECCC EF&RV v4.0 T1.3 (2026, marketable) 1,966 g CO₂/m³ + T2.3 CH₄ 0.037 / N₂O 0.035 g/m³ = 1,976.3 g CO₂e/m³
Natural gas — Nunavut11.9763kg CO2e / m³ECCC EF&RV v4.0 T1.3 (2026, marketable) 1,966 g CO₂/m³ + T2.3 CH₄ 0.037 / N₂O 0.035 g/m³ = 1,976.3 g CO₂e/m³
Bus — transit (per passenger-km)30.122kg CO2e / p·kmDerived — 50 L/100 km × ECCC diesel ÷ 11 passengers
Motorcoach — intercity (per passenger-km)30.032kg CO2e / p·kmDerived — 30 L/100 km × ECCC diesel ÷ 25 passengers

United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

United States · 13 factors
DocumentGHG Emission Factors Hub (2025) and eGRID2022
PublishedHub published 15 January 2025 · eGRID2022 released 30 January 2024

Fuel factors are converted from the Hub’s per-mmBtu and per-US-gallon values, with CH4 and N2O added at AR5 GWP100. Electricity uses eGRID2022 Table 1 total output CO2e rates by subregion (lb/MWh × 0.453592). Twelve subregions are loaded, covering most of the US population; the rest can be added from the same file. New York has three subregions that differ 4.4-fold (Upstate 0.125, New York City 0.402, Long Island 0.549), so a line that only says “New York” is asked, not assumed. Until September 2026 the loaded values did not match the eGRID2022 table they were labelled with (for example CAMX 0.195 against the published 0.2265); they were corrected to the published figures.

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ActivityScopeFactorUnitSource detail
Electricity — United States average20.3753kg CO2e / kWhUS EPA eGRID2022 Table 1 — national average total output 827.5 lb CO₂e/MWh
Electricity — US California (CAMX)20.2265kg CO2e / kWhUS EPA eGRID2022 Table 1 — CAMX total output 499.3 lb CO₂e/MWh
Electricity — US Texas (ERCOT)20.3512kg CO2e / kWhUS EPA eGRID2022 Table 1 — ERCT total output 774.3 lb CO₂e/MWh
Electricity — US Mid-Atlantic (RFCE)20.2995kg CO2e / kWhUS EPA eGRID2022 Table 1 — RFCE total output 660.3 lb CO₂e/MWh
Electricity — US New England (NEWE)20.2452kg CO2e / kWhUS EPA eGRID2022 Table 1 — NEWE total output 540.5 lb CO₂e/MWh
Electricity — US Upstate New York (NYUP)20.1249kg CO2e / kWhUS EPA eGRID2022 Table 1 — NYUP total output 275.4 lb CO₂e/MWh
Electricity — US Florida (FRCC)20.3705kg CO2e / kWhUS EPA eGRID2022 Table 1 — FRCC total output 816.9 lb CO₂e/MWh
Electricity — US Midwest (RFCW)20.4563kg CO2e / kWhUS EPA eGRID2022 Table 1 — RFCW total output 1,005.9 lb CO₂e/MWh
Electricity — US Northwest (NWPP)20.2748kg CO2e / kWhUS EPA eGRID2022 Table 1 — NWPP total output 605.9 lb CO₂e/MWh
Electricity — US Southwest (AZNM)20.3535kg CO2e / kWhUS EPA eGRID2022 Table 1 — AZNM total output 779.4 lb CO₂e/MWh
Electricity — US SERC Midwest (SRMW)20.626kg CO2e / kWhUS EPA eGRID2022 Table 1 — SRMW total output 1,380.2 lb CO₂e/MWh
Electricity — US New York City & Westchester (NYCW)20.4022kg CO2e / kWhUS EPA eGRID2022 Table 1 — NYCW total output 886.6 lb CO₂e/MWh
Electricity — US Long Island (NYLI)20.5485kg CO2e / kWhUS EPA eGRID2022 Table 1 — NYLI total output 1,209.3 lb CO₂e/MWh

Central Electricity Authority (CEA), India / IPCC

India · 4 factors
DocumentCO2 Baseline Database for the Indian Power Sector, Version 21.0
PublishedPublished December 2025 · financial year 2024–25

The grid figure used is the weighted average emission factor (0.710 tCO2/MWh), which is the correct basis for corporate Scope 2 reporting. It is not the combined margin (0.757), which exists for offset and CDM baselines. Indian fuel factors use IPCC 2006 Tier 1 defaults, the basis of India’s own national inventory, except coal. Natural gas is also on a gross basis (0.1836 kg CO2e/kWh, m³ at 8,800 kcal/m³); see the table under DESNZ/DEFRA. Coal is priced per GJ of gross calorific value with CEA’s own factors (Appendix B of the same User Guide): India’s national-communication value for domestic coal, 95.8 kg CO2/GJ on a net basis, is 92.5 on a gross basis and 90.6 after CEA’s 98% oxidation factor. The calculator asks for the coal’s GCV (kcal/kg or GJ/t, from the invoice or test certificate) and converts tonnes to GJ at 0.0041868 GJ/t per kcal/kg. These are CO2 only, as CEA publishes them.

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ActivityScopeFactorUnitSource detail
Electricity — India national grid20.71kg CO2e / kWhCEA CO₂ Baseline Database v21.0 — weighted average, FY2024-25
Coal — by energy content190.6kg CO2 / GJ (GCV)CEA User Guide v21.0 App. B — domestic Indian coal: 95.8 NCV → 92.5 GCV × oxidation 0.98
Coal, imported — by energy content185.2kg CO2 / GJ (GCV)CEA User Guide v21.0 App. B — imported coal: IPCC low-end 89.5 NCV → 85.2 GCV, oxidation 1.00
Lignite — by energy content1100.5kg CO2 / GJ (GCV)CEA User Guide v21.0 App. B — lignite: 106.2 NCV → 102.5 GCV × oxidation 0.98

Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water (DCCEEW), Australia

Australia · 22 factors
DocumentAustralian National Greenhouse Accounts Factors 2026
PublishedPublished August 2026 · IPCC AR5 GWP100 · CC BY 4.0

Grid factors are Table 1, location-based Scope 2, by state or grid, for financial years ending in June. They are not Table 3, which exists for abatement-method calculations, and the Scope 3 transmission-loss column is not added. Fuel factors multiply the published energy content (GJ/kL or GJ/t, gross calorific value) by the combined-gas factor (kg CO2e/GJ) from Tables 4, 5 and 8; the arithmetic is printed in each row.

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ActivityScopeFactorUnitSource detail
Natural gas10.1855kg CO2e / kWhDCCEEW NGA Factors 2026 T5 — pipeline gas 51.53 kg CO₂e/GJ (GCV) × 0.0036 GJ/kWh
Diesel12.71kg CO2e / litreDCCEEW NGA Factors 2026 T8 — diesel oil 38.6 GJ/kL × 70.20 kg CO₂e/GJ
Petrol / gasoline12.319kg CO2e / litreDCCEEW NGA Factors 2026 T8 — gasoline 34.2 GJ/kL × 67.80 kg CO₂e/GJ
LPG11.557kg CO2e / litreDCCEEW NGA Factors 2026 T8 — LPG 25.7 GJ/kL × 60.60 kg CO₂e/GJ
Heating oil12.601kg CO2e / litreDCCEEW NGA Factors 2026 T8 — heating oil 37.3 GJ/kL × 69.73 kg CO₂e/GJ
Fleet vehicles (by distance)10.206kg CO2e / kmDerived — 8.9 L/100 km × DCCEEW gasoline 2.319 kg/L
Coal12.436kg CO2e / kgDCCEEW NGA Factors 2026 T4 — bituminous coal 27.0 GJ/t × 90.24 kg CO₂e/GJ
Car — owned (by distance)10.206kg CO2e / kmDerived — 8.9 L/100 km × DCCEEW gasoline
Commuting — hybrid car30.116kg CO2e / kmDerived — assumed 5.0 L/100 km × DCCEEW gasoline 2.319 kg/L
Commuting — electric car30.118kg CO2e / kmDerived — assumed 0.20 kWh/km × DCCEEW NGA 2026 national 0.59 kg/kWh
Van / light truck — owned (by distance)10.267kg CO2e / kmDerived — 11.5 L/100 km × DCCEEW gasoline
Heavy truck — owned (by distance)10.948kg CO2e / kmDerived — 35 L/100 km × DCCEEW diesel
Bus / coach — owned (by vehicle-km)11.355kg CO2e / kmDerived — 50 L/100 km × DCCEEW diesel
Electricity — Australia — NSW & ACT20.6kg CO2e / kWhDCCEEW NGA Factors 2026 T1 — location-based
Electricity — Australia — Victoria20.74kg CO2e / kWhDCCEEW NGA Factors 2026 T1 — location-based
Electricity — Australia — Queensland20.65kg CO2e / kWhDCCEEW NGA Factors 2026 T1 — location-based
Electricity — Australia — South Australia20.21kg CO2e / kWhDCCEEW NGA Factors 2026 T1 — location-based
Electricity — Australia — WA (SWIS)20.45kg CO2e / kWhDCCEEW NGA Factors 2026 T1 — location-based
Electricity — Australia — WA (NWIS)20.56kg CO2e / kWhDCCEEW NGA Factors 2026 T1 — location-based
Electricity — Australia — Tasmania20.23kg CO2e / kWhDCCEEW NGA Factors 2026 T1 — location-based
Electricity — Australia — NT (DKIS)20.55kg CO2e / kWhDCCEEW NGA Factors 2026 T1 — location-based
Electricity — Australia — national20.59kg CO2e / kWhDCCEEW NGA Factors 2026 T1 — location-based

Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE), China

China · 37 factors
Document2023 Electricity CO2 Emission Factors, MEE Announcement 2025 No. 47
PublishedPublished 31 December 2025 · data year 2023

The national figure (0.5306) and the provincial figures are the average factors the MEE designates for location-based accounting. They are CO2 only. Three other MEE figures are deliberately not used for Scope 2: the factor excluding market-traded non-fossil power (0.6096, for market-based accounting), the fossil-only factor (0.8273), and the separate electricity carbon-footprint factor (0.6205), which is a life-cycle value for product footprints. Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan are not covered and are never mapped to these values. China has no per-litre fuel factor loaded yet: Scope 1 liquid and gas fuels under the China setting use IPCC 2006 Tier 1 defaults and say so on every row. Coal follows the enterprise accounting method (NDRC 2015 工业其他行业企业温室气体排放核算方法与报告指南, Appendix 2 Table 2.1, the method MEE applies outside the power sector): tonnes × low calorific value × carbon content × oxidation rate × 44/12. The calculator asks which kind of coal and uses the guideline defaults below unless you enter your lab’s results; a lab carbon content becomes a self-declared factor. The power sector has its own guideline and is not covered here.

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ActivityScopeFactorUnitSource detail
Electricity — China national20.5306kg CO2 / kWhMEE 2023 electricity CO₂ factors (Ann. 2025 No. 47) T1 — national average, CO₂ only
Electricity — China Beijing20.5554kg CO2 / kWhMEE 2023 electricity CO₂ factors (Ann. 2025 No. 47) T3 — provincial average, CO₂ only
Electricity — China Tianjin20.6796kg CO2 / kWhMEE 2023 electricity CO₂ factors (Ann. 2025 No. 47) T3 — provincial average, CO₂ only
Electricity — China Hebei20.6516kg CO2 / kWhMEE 2023 electricity CO₂ factors (Ann. 2025 No. 47) T3 — provincial average, CO₂ only
Electricity — China Shanxi20.6634kg CO2 / kWhMEE 2023 electricity CO₂ factors (Ann. 2025 No. 47) T3 — provincial average, CO₂ only
Electricity — China Inner Mongolia20.6479kg CO2 / kWhMEE 2023 electricity CO₂ factors (Ann. 2025 No. 47) T3 — provincial average, CO₂ only
Electricity — China Liaoning20.4878kg CO2 / kWhMEE 2023 electricity CO₂ factors (Ann. 2025 No. 47) T3 — provincial average, CO₂ only
Electricity — China Jilin20.4671kg CO2 / kWhMEE 2023 electricity CO₂ factors (Ann. 2025 No. 47) T3 — provincial average, CO₂ only
Electricity — China Heilongjiang20.5229kg CO2 / kWhMEE 2023 electricity CO₂ factors (Ann. 2025 No. 47) T3 — provincial average, CO₂ only
Electricity — China Shanghai20.5737kg CO2 / kWhMEE 2023 electricity CO₂ factors (Ann. 2025 No. 47) T3 — provincial average, CO₂ only
Electricity — China Jiangsu20.5827kg CO2 / kWhMEE 2023 electricity CO₂ factors (Ann. 2025 No. 47) T3 — provincial average, CO₂ only
Electricity — China Zhejiang20.4974kg CO2 / kWhMEE 2023 electricity CO₂ factors (Ann. 2025 No. 47) T3 — provincial average, CO₂ only
Electricity — China Anhui20.6553kg CO2 / kWhMEE 2023 electricity CO₂ factors (Ann. 2025 No. 47) T3 — provincial average, CO₂ only
Electricity — China Fujian20.4211kg CO2 / kWhMEE 2023 electricity CO₂ factors (Ann. 2025 No. 47) T3 — provincial average, CO₂ only
Electricity — China Jiangxi20.5836kg CO2 / kWhMEE 2023 electricity CO₂ factors (Ann. 2025 No. 47) T3 — provincial average, CO₂ only
Electricity — China Shandong20.6191kg CO2 / kWhMEE 2023 electricity CO₂ factors (Ann. 2025 No. 47) T3 — provincial average, CO₂ only
Electricity — China Henan20.5897kg CO2 / kWhMEE 2023 electricity CO₂ factors (Ann. 2025 No. 47) T3 — provincial average, CO₂ only
Electricity — China Hubei20.4044kg CO2 / kWhMEE 2023 electricity CO₂ factors (Ann. 2025 No. 47) T3 — provincial average, CO₂ only
Electricity — China Hunan20.4976kg CO2 / kWhMEE 2023 electricity CO₂ factors (Ann. 2025 No. 47) T3 — provincial average, CO₂ only
Electricity — China Guangdong20.4419kg CO2 / kWhMEE 2023 electricity CO₂ factors (Ann. 2025 No. 47) T3 — provincial average, CO₂ only
Electricity — China Guangxi20.4476kg CO2 / kWhMEE 2023 electricity CO₂ factors (Ann. 2025 No. 47) T3 — provincial average, CO₂ only
Electricity — China Hainan20.3648kg CO2 / kWhMEE 2023 electricity CO₂ factors (Ann. 2025 No. 47) T3 — provincial average, CO₂ only
Electricity — China Chongqing20.5581kg CO2 / kWhMEE 2023 electricity CO₂ factors (Ann. 2025 No. 47) T3 — provincial average, CO₂ only
Electricity — China Sichuan20.1564kg CO2 / kWhMEE 2023 electricity CO₂ factors (Ann. 2025 No. 47) T3 — provincial average, CO₂ only
Electricity — China Guizhou20.5683kg CO2 / kWhMEE 2023 electricity CO₂ factors (Ann. 2025 No. 47) T3 — provincial average, CO₂ only
Electricity — China Yunnan20.1333kg CO2 / kWhMEE 2023 electricity CO₂ factors (Ann. 2025 No. 47) T3 — provincial average, CO₂ only
Electricity — China Shaanxi20.6335kg CO2 / kWhMEE 2023 electricity CO₂ factors (Ann. 2025 No. 47) T3 — provincial average, CO₂ only
Electricity — China Gansu20.4471kg CO2 / kWhMEE 2023 electricity CO₂ factors (Ann. 2025 No. 47) T3 — provincial average, CO₂ only
Electricity — China Qinghai20.1796kg CO2 / kWhMEE 2023 electricity CO₂ factors (Ann. 2025 No. 47) T3 — provincial average, CO₂ only
Electricity — China Ningxia20.6187kg CO2 / kWhMEE 2023 electricity CO₂ factors (Ann. 2025 No. 47) T3 — provincial average, CO₂ only
Electricity — China Xinjiang20.6021kg CO2 / kWhMEE 2023 electricity CO₂ factors (Ann. 2025 No. 47) T3 — provincial average, CO₂ only
District heat20.396kg CO2 / kWhMEE enterprise GHG accounting guidelines — purchased heat default 0.11 t CO₂/GJ
Purchased steam20.396kg CO2 / kWhMEE enterprise GHG accounting guidelines — purchased heat default 0.11 t CO₂/GJ
Coal (烟煤 bituminous) — by energy content189.27kg CO2 / GJ (NCV)NDRC 2015 表2.1 — 26.18 tC/TJ × 93% × 44/12; default LHV 23.204 GJ/t
Anthracite (无烟煤) — by energy content194.75kg CO2 / GJ (NCV)NDRC 2015 表2.1 — 27.49 tC/TJ × 94% × 44/12; default LHV 24.515 GJ/t
Lignite (褐煤) — by energy content198.56kg CO2 / GJ (NCV)NDRC 2015 表2.1 — 28.00 tC/TJ × 96% × 44/12; default LHV 14.449 GJ/t
Washed coal (洗精煤) — by energy content186.61kg CO2 / GJ (NCV)NDRC 2015 表2.1 — 25.40 tC/TJ × 93% × 44/12; default LHV 26.344 GJ/t

UK Department for Energy Security and Net Zero / DEFRA

United Kingdom & default · 32 factors
DocumentUK Government GHG Conversion Factors for Company Reporting 2024
PublishedPublished June 2024

Used wherever a jurisdiction publishes no value of its own, and as the default international set. This is the fallback you will see labelled “no value published — DEFRA used” in the tool. Natural gas entered in m³ is converted with each authority’s own energy content before its per-kWh factor is applied: Canada 10.664 kWh/m³ (ECCC Table 8 HHV 38.39 MJ/m³), US 10.619 (EPA Table C-1, 1,026 Btu/scf, which also sets scf, ccf and Mcf), Australia 10.917 (NGA 39.3 MJ/m³), China 10.814 (MEE 389.31 GJ/10⁴ Nm³), international 11.221 (UK billing formula at a typical 39.5 MJ/m³). India 10.234 (CEA’s default gas GCV, 8,800 kcal/m³, User Guide v21.0 Appendix B — a power-station default, so a PNG bill’s own GCV is better). India’s gas factor is put on the same gross basis: IPCC’s 0.202 kg/kWh net ÷ 1.10, CEA’s GCV/NCV ratio for gas, = 0.1836, because Indian gas is billed and reported on gross calorific value. The hybrid and electric commuting rows are derived, not published: an assumed 5.0 L/100 km for the hybrid, and an assumed 0.20 kWh/km at the plug for the electric car, multiplied by each jurisdiction’s own gasoline factor or national grid average. For an electric car in Canada the charging province matters far more than the national figure shown.

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ActivityScopeCanada
ECCC
United States
EPA
India
CEA / IPCC
Australia
DCCEEW
China
IPCC default
International
DEFRA
Unit
Natural gas10.1805–0.1853
by province
0.18120.1836
gross CV
0.18550.2020.183kg CO2e / kWh
Diesel12.6892.7062.662.712.662.51kg CO2e / litre
Petrol / gasoline12.3152.3282.32.3192.32.31kg CO2e / litre
LPG11.5441.5171.581.5571.581.56kg CO2e / litre
Heating oil12.7612.7062.662.6012.662.54kg CO2e / litre
Fleet vehicles (by distance)10.2060.2070.1610.2060.1610.17kg CO2e / km
Coal1—2.3142.4582.4362.4582.42kg CO2e / kg
Coal — by energy content1——90.6—89.2795.28kg CO2e / GJ
Coal, imported — by energy content1——85.2——95.28kg CO2e / GJ
Lignite — by energy content1——100.5—98.56101.68kg CO2e / GJ
Anthracite — by energy content1————94.7598.98kg CO2e / GJ
Washed coal — by energy content1————86.6195.28kg CO2e / GJ
Car — owned (by distance)10.2060.2070.1610.2060.1610.17kg CO2e / km
Van / light truck — owned (by distance)10.2660.2680.230.2670.230.24kg CO2e / km
Heavy truck — owned (by distance)10.9410.9470.9310.9480.9310.878kg CO2e / km
Bus / coach — owned (by vehicle-km)11.3451.3531.331.3551.331.255kg CO2e / km
Electricity — UK2—————0.21kg CO2e / kWh
District heat2————0.3960.17kg CO2e / kWh
Purchased steam2————0.3960.19kg CO2e / kWh
Cardboard / paper3—————0.9kg CO2e / kg
Flight — short-haul3—————0.158kg CO2e / p·km
Flight — long-haul3—————0.19kg CO2e / p·km
Rail travel3—————0.035kg CO2e / p·km
Car — business travel3—————0.17kg CO2e / km
Hotel night3—————10kg CO2e / night
Road freight (HGV)3—————0.11kg CO2e / t·km
Sea freight3—————0.016kg CO2e / t·km
Air freight3—————0.6kg CO2e / t·km
Rail freight3—————0.028kg CO2e / t·km
Commuting — car3—————0.17kg CO2e / km
Commuting — hybrid car30.1160.1160.1150.1160.1150.116kg CO2e / km
Commuting — electric car30.0220.07510.1420.1180.1060.042kg CO2e / km
Commuting — public transport3—————0.05kg CO2e / p·km
Waste — landfill3—————0.45kg CO2e / kg
Waste — recycled3—————0.021kg CO2e / kg
Waste — incineration3—————0.35kg CO2e / kg
Mains water3—————0.344kg CO2e / m³

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

Global · 8 factors
Document2006 Guidelines for National GHG Inventories · AR5 GWP100
PublishedGuidelines 2006 · GWP values from the Fifth Assessment Report, 2014

Refrigerant factors are AR5 100-year global warming potentials, the basis ECCC, US EPA (from reporting year 2024), DESNZ and NGER all require. Blends are the mass-weighted sum of their components. Until September 2026 the R-410A and R-134a rows carried the AR4 values 2,088 and 1,430. Tier 1 default fuel factors are used for India and China except for coal, and anywhere without a national set. The coal-by-energy rows below are CO2 from Volume 2 Table 1.4 plus CH4 10 and N2O 1.5 kg/TJ from Table 2.3 (manufacturing industries) at AR5 GWPs, net calorific basis; they apply wherever no national per-GJ coal factor is loaded.

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ActivityScopeFactorUnitSource detail
Refrigerant R-410A (leak)11924kg CO2e / kgIPCC AR5 GWP100 — blend 50% HFC-32 (677) + 50% HFC-125 (3,170)
Refrigerant R-134a (leak)11300kg CO2e / kgIPCC AR5 GWP100 — HFC-134a
Refrigerant R-404A (leak)13943kg CO2e / kgIPCC AR5 GWP100 — blend 44% HFC-125 (3,170) + 52% HFC-143a (4,800) + 4% HFC-134a (1,300)
Coal — by energy content195.28kg CO2e / GJ (NCV)IPCC 2006 — other bituminous 94.6 + 0.68 CH₄/N₂O
Coal, imported — by energy content195.28kg CO2e / GJ (NCV)IPCC 2006 — other bituminous 94.6 + 0.68 CH₄/N₂O
Lignite — by energy content1101.68kg CO2e / GJ (NCV)IPCC 2006 — lignite 101.0 + 0.68 CH₄/N₂O
Anthracite — by energy content198.98kg CO2e / GJ (NCV)IPCC 2006 — anthracite 98.3 + 0.68 CH₄/N₂O
Washed coal — by energy content195.28kg CO2e / GJ (NCV)IPCC 2006 — no separate category; other bituminous used

Life-cycle inventory databases

Global · 20 factors
Documentecoinvent v3.9 · worldsteel · International Aluminium Institute · EXIOBASE 3.8 · ADEME Base Empreinte
PublishedVarious, 2018–2023 — see each row

Materials, waste, water and food factors are cradle-to-gate life-cycle values. They carry wider uncertainty than combustion factors and are not tied to any single jurisdiction.

ActivityScopeFactorUnitSource detail
Electricity — France20.052kg CO2e / kWhRTE / ADEME
Steel (purchased)32.3kg CO2e / kgworldsteel / ecoinvent
Aluminium (purchased)38.6kg CO2e / kgIAI / ecoinvent
Plastic (purchased)33.1kg CO2e / kgecoinvent
Glass (bulk)30.9kg CO2e / kgecoinvent
Concrete30.13kg CO2e / kgecoinvent
Copper33kg CO2e / kgecoinvent
Textile / cotton38kg CO2e / kgecoinvent
Purchased services (spend-based)30.3kg CO2e / EUREXIOBASE EEIO
Barley malt / grain30.65kg CO2e / kgecoinvent / ADEME
Hops312kg CO2e / kgecoinvent
Yeast32.1kg CO2e / kgecoinvent
Glass bottle (per unit)30.2kg CO2e / unitecoinvent (33cl)
Wooden pallet35kg CO2e / unitecoinvent
Cleaning product31.8kg CO2e / kgecoinvent
Paper label31.3kg CO2e / kgecoinvent
Beef (purchased)360kg CO2e / kgPoore & Nemecek 2018
Poultry meat (purchased)39.87kg CO2e / kgPoore & Nemecek 2018 — poultry meat, global mean, per kg retail weight
Cooking oil (vegetable)32.76kg CO2e / litrePoore & Nemecek 2018 (0.92 kg/L)
Timber / sawn wood30.46kg CO2e / m³ecoinvent (softwood ~500 kg/m³)

GHG Protocol — zero-emission travel

Global · 1 factor
DocumentTechnical Guidance for Calculating Scope 3 Emissions, v1.0 (Category 7, employee commuting)
Published2013

Walking and cycling burn no fuel, so their direct emission factor is zero by definition. The row exists so the distance is recorded and the commuting modal split can be reported, not because anything is added to the total.

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ActivityScopeFactorUnitSource detail
Commuting — bicycle / on foot30kg CO2e / kmGHG Protocol Scope 3 guidance — no fuel burned, zero by definition

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